Wind speed and global radiation forecasting based on differential, deep and stochastic machine learning of patterns in 2-level historical meteo-quantity sets

Abstract

Accurate forecasting of wind speed and solar radiation can help operators of wind farms and Photo-Voltaic (PV) plants prepare efficient and practicable production plans to balance the supply with demand in the generation and consumption of Renewable Energy (RE). Reliable Artificial Intelligence (AI) forecast models can minimize the effect of wind and solar power fluctuations, eliminating their intermittent character in system dispatch planning and utilization. Intelligent wind and solar energy management is essential in load scheduling and decision-making processes to meet user requirements. The proposed 24-h prediction schemes involve the beginning detection and secondary similarity re-evaluation of optimal day-data sequences, which is a notable incremental improvement against state-of-the-art in the consequent application of statistical AI learning. 2-level altitude measurements allow the identification of data relationships between two surface layers (hill and lowland) and adequate interpretation of various meteorological situations, whose differentiate information is used by AI models to recognize upcoming changes in the mid-term day horizon. Observations at two professional meteorological stations comprise specific quantities, of which the most valuable are automatically selected as input for the day model. Differential learning is a novel designed unconventional neurocomputing approach that combines derivative components produced in selected network nodes in the weighted modular output. The complexity of the node-stepwise composed model corresponds to the patterns included in the training data. It allows for representation of high uncertain and nonlinear dynamic systems, dependent on local RE production, not substantially reducing the input vector dimensionality leading to model over simplifications as standard AI does. Available angular and frequency time data (e.g., wind direction, humidity, and irradiation cycles) are combined with the amplitudes to solve reduced Partial Differential Equations (PDEs), defined in network nodes, in the periodical complex form. This is a substantial improvement over the previous publication design. The comparative results show better efficiency and reliability of differential learning in representing the modular uncertainty and PDE dynamics of patterns on a day horizon, taking into account recent deep and stochastic learning. A free available C++ parametric software together with the processed meteo-data sets allow additional comparisons with the presented model results.