Photoreforming for microplastics recycling: A critical review

Abstract

Microplastics in the environment are a serious global problem for our society and there is a strong need to develop technologies for their removal and recycling. Photoreforming based on photocatalysis is a novel approach to convert microplastics to useful chemical compounds. In this work, the literature related to the photoreforming of microplastics was reviewed. The main product of the photoreforming was hydrogen obtained from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polylactic acid (PLA) with the highest yields of 113 mmol g- 1 h-1 and 95.6 mmol g- 1 h-1, respectively. The hydrogen yields were processed by the non-parametric Mann-Whitney, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Moods median, and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The pre-treatment of microplastics before the photoreforming was not found to be a critical factor for the photoreforming. In addition, the photoreforming of PET and PLA was statistically proved to provide similar hydrogen yields. The selection of suitable photocatalysts was identified as the most important factor in the photoreforming process due to the effective separation of photoinduced electrons and holes. The reaction conditions should be optimized, especially in terms of the concentration of photocatalysts in the reaction suspensions of highly concentrated KOH or NaOH. The advantages of the photoreforming, such as reactions at ambient temperature and pressure, and the use of visible (solar) irradiation, are a challenge for further research mainly concerning the hydrogen production. More experimental data are necessary to evaluate and optimize some key parameters of this photoreforming process.