Effects of ZrSiO4 in non-metallic brake friction materials on friction performance

Abstract

A total of 240 three-component recordings from 80 rockbursts, which occurred in various coal mines in the Ostrava-Karviná Coal Basin (Czech Republic) between 1993 and 2005, was used to examine the decrease in maximum particle velocities ui (m/s) with a scaled distance of d = d/√E (m/√J) or d/3√E (m/3√J) and the rate of predominant frequencies of body waves. The energetic span of rockbursts was within the interval of E = 6.2 × 103 − 5.0 × 108 J, while calculated hypocentral distances d of four underground seismic stations varied from 0.6 to 7 km. The slopes b of regression straight lines for the maximum particle velocities ui (m/s) of P- and S-waves in the bilogarithmic scale correspond to the values of − 1.004, − 1.297, − 1.183 and − 1.527. The results of the linear regression are as follows:

Pmax-waves ui = 1.184 × 10− 4 × d− 1.004 (m/s) (square root scaling)

Pmax-waves ui = 3.055 × 10− 3 × d− 1.297 (m/s) (cube root scaling)

Smax-waves ui = 5.280 × 10− 4 × d− 1.183 (m/s) (square root scaling)

Smax-waves ui = 2.397 × 10− 2 × d− 1.527 (m/s) (cube root scaling).

The evaluation of the abovementioned dynamic parameters was based on seismic events data gathered in the database of the regional seismic array, and calculations were carried out either by using special programs applied as part of the automated data processing in the computation center, or by usual linear regression approaches. The aim of the detailed analysis of the maximum particle velocity and predominant frequencies was a) to set up input data from underground seismological observations for laboratory experiments dealing with the comparison of rock mass behaviour under modeled laboratory conditions simulating manifestation of rockbursts, and b) to incorporate particle velocity into the design of support in order to control damage and evident devastation of workings by rockbursts. The investigation of peak particle velocities was based on the recognition that they are the best criterion to assess vibration damage to surface structures and in mines.