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Enhancing transparency and efficiency in blockchain harvest: Empowering farmers and consumers through transparent trading in agricultural applications
(Elsevier, 2025) Lakhan, Abdullah; Mohammed, Mazin Abed; Al-Budair, Lilian Qasim Alwan; Memon, Sajida; Slaný, Vlastimil; Deveci, Muhammet; Martinek, Radek
With the development of edge-cutting technologies, digital agriculture farming, product selling, and purchasing have been increasing progressively. On the other hand, transparency in digital agricultural agrochemicals (pesticides or herbicides) substances of products needs to be monitored carefully between production and selling to customers in a transparent form. Recently, blockchain has emerged as a decentralized technology, which is the most potent decentralized technology. It connects many nodes and validates their data transparency during application sharing. Therefore, it is a motivation to use blockchain technology for digital agriculture applications to meet data transparency, security, and privacy requirements. In this paper, we present enhancing transparency and efficiency in blockchain harvest: empowering farmers and consumers through transparent trading in agricultural application tasks. The application tasks are a mixture of agricultural things (IoT) sensors, products, monitoring, fertilizers, transport tracking, farmers, consumers, and institutional data for processing in digital healthcare applications. Our objective is to process the agricultural tasks during production and trading in an immutable, transparent, secure, and private form. To meet constraints such as processing time, blockchain validation, access control, and cyber-attacks, we suggest enhancing transparency and efficiency in blockchain harvesting and empowering farmers and consumers to trade securely and transparently. In proposed blockchain agriculture, all nodes are heterogeneous and connected; therefore, to avoid any time failure, cyberattacks, or block failure, we establish them in a stable form. This paper presents the agriculture blockchain harvest multi-tasking scheduling (ABHMTS) algorithm methodology, which amalgamates different methods: smart contracts, local offloading, multi-tasking, and blockchain validation with malware detection in blocks during data transfer among other nodes. The experimental results in simulation show that ABHMTS improved the transparency of agricultural task data by 98% and executed them with the minimum processing time by 20%, and reduced the risk of resource failure and resource consumption by 10% with higher malware detection in the framework as compared to baseline approaches.
Stiffness and stability of bamboo stem - A optimal design perspective
(Elsevier, 2024) Sayyad, Mannan; Bachchhav, Bhanudas; Salunkhe, Sachin; Čepová, Lenka; Struž, Jiří; Nasr, Emad Abouel; El Mola, Khaled M. S. Gad
During the evolution process, a bamboo stem achieves a significant height (up to 20 m) to fulfil its phototropic requirements. While on land, the stem is mostly subjected to bending load which makes it liable to fail by uprooting. However, this failure is prohibited by smart structure of bamboo stem which includes graded arrangement of fibre bundles in the cross-section and a tapered cantilever form of the stem. This paper attempts to understand the optimal design of bamboo stem through the relationship between the stellar arrangement of stiff fibre bundles in the cross-section and the tapered form. In this work, a comparison between two types of stellar arrangement, namely uniform and graded, is presented in view of non-linear bending analysis through elastica theory and fracture-induced delamination, both numerically. It is observed from the results that a bamboo stem prefers to evolve with graded stellar arrangement which provides gradation of stiffness and toughness over the cross-section; the trend in toughness being opposite to that of stiffness. Moreover, interplay of stellar arrangement and gradation of stiffnesstoughness thereof is found to be the governing mechanism for ensuring its mechanical integrity and stability in view of an optimal design perspective. The smart structure of bamboo is recommended for bio-mimicking.
Real time tracking of nanoconfined water-assisted ion transfer in functionalized graphene derivatives supercapacitor electrodes
(Wiley, 2024) Padinjareveetil, Akshay Kumar K.; Pykal, Martin; Bakandritsos, Aristides; Zbořil, Radek; Otyepka, Michal; Pumera, Martin
Water molecules confined in nanoscale spaces of 2D graphene layers have fascinated researchers worldwide for the past several years, especially in the context of energy storage applications. The water molecules exchanged along with ions during the electrochemical process can aid in wetting and stabilizing the layered materials resulting in an anomalous enhancement in the performance of supercapacitor electrodes. Engineering of 2D carbon electrode materials with various functionalities (oxygen (& horbar;O), fluorine (& horbar;F), nitrile (& horbar;C equivalent to N), carboxylic (& horbar;COOH), carbonyl (& horbar;C & boxH;O), nitrogen (& horbar;N)) can alter the ion/water organization in graphene derivatives, and eventually their inherent ion storage ability. Thus, in the current study, a comparative set of functionalized graphene derivatives-fluorine-doped cyanographene (G-F-CN), cyanographene (G-CN), graphene acid (G-COOH), oxidized graphene acid (G-COOH (O)) and nitrogen superdoped graphene (G-N) is systematically evaluated toward charge storage in various aqueous-based electrolyte systems. Differences in functionalization on graphene derivatives influence the electrochemical properties, and the real-time mass exchange during the electrochemical process is monitored by electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM). Electrogravimetric assessment revealed that oxidized 2D acid derivatives (G-COOH (O)) are shown to exhibit high ion storage performance along with maximum water transfer during the electrochemical process. The complex understanding of the processes gained during supercapacitor electrode charging in aqueous electrolytes paves the way toward the rational utilization of graphene derivatives in forefront energy storage applications.
Analysis of the thickness of layered armor to provide protection against 7.62 mm ball projectiles using experimental and numerical methods
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2024) Morghode, Divyanshu S.; Thakur, D. G.; Salunkhe, Sachin; Čepová, Lenka; Nasr, Emad Abouel
The layered configuration of different material plates is one of the ways of achieving protection against different kinds of kinetic energy ammunitions. The thickness of each plate is one of the most important influencing parameters to prevent the penetration of the projectile. In the present study, a layered configuration of the Al2O3 and Al 7075-T651 is analysed, to prevent the perforation of 7.62 mm Lead core projectile, under normal impact conditions, by using LS-DYNA numerical simulations. Experiments were conducted on Al 7075-T651 plate and Numerical model was validated with experiment results. To achieve the objective, the validated numerical model was used to investigate influence on various Al2O3 and Al 7075-T651 combinations. Three factors led to the selection of Al 7075-T561 and Al2O3 as the target materials. First, the literature review revealed that these materials have already been employed in the construction of armour. Second, Al2O3 is a brittle material whereas Al 7075-T651 is ductile. Consequently, when combined in a layered arrangement, these materials offer the ideal destroyer-absorber arrangement. Thirdly, these materials have lower densities than steel. As a result, these materials offer a lightweight alternative for lead core 7.62 mm bullet defense. From the analysis, it is observed that two layered configurations were found to be effective in the prevention of bullet perforation: a front plate of Al2O3 that was 10 mm thick and had a rear plate of Al 7075-T651 that was 06 mm thick, and a front plate of Al2O3 that was 04 mm thick and had a 12 mm thick layer of Al 7075-T651.
Translational nanorobotics breaking through biological membranes
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2025) Ressnerová, Alžběta; Heger, Zbyněk; Pumera, Martin
In the dynamic realm of translational nanorobotics, the endeavor to develop nanorobots carrying therapeutics in rational in vivo applications necessitates a profound understanding of the biological landscape of the human body and its complexity. Within this landscape, biological membranes stand as critical barriers to the successful delivery of therapeutic cargo to the target site. Their crossing is not only a challenge for nanorobotics but also a pivotal criterion for the clinical success of therapeutic-carrying nanorobots. Nevertheless, despite their urgency, strategies for membrane crossing in translational nanorobotics remain relatively underrepresented in the scientific literature, signaling an opportunity for further research and innovation. This review focuses on nanorobots with various propulsion mechanisms from chemical and physical to hybrid mechanisms, and it identifies and describes four essential biological membranes that represent the barriers needed to be crossed in the therapeutic journey of nanorobots in in vivo applications. First is the entry point into the blood stream, which is the skin or mucosa or intravenous injection; next is the exit from the bloodstream across the endothelium to the target site; further is the entry to the cell through the plasma membrane and, finally, the escape from the lysosome, which otherwise destroys the cargo. The review also discusses design challenges inherent in translating nanorobot technologies to real-world applications and provides a critical overview of documented membrane crossings. The aim is to underscore the need for further interdisciplinary collaborations between chemists, materials scientists and chemical biologists in this vital domain of translational nanorobotics that has the potential to revolutionize the field of precision medicine.