Neutron diffraction study of residual stresses in a W-Ni-Co heavy alloy processed by rotary swaging at room and high temperatures

Abstract

Residual stresses were studied in tungsten heavy alloy bars produced by powder metallurgy and deformed by rotary swaging at room temperature (RT) and at 900 degrees C. Neutron diffraction technique was used to scan the residual stresses across the bars. Both tungsten particles and NiCo2W solid solution matrix were analysed. Maximum axial stresses of similar to 300 MPa and similar to 200 MPa were observed for the tungsten phase at the centre in the RT and in the high-temperature deformed samples, respectively. Compressive residual axial stresses were found close to the sample surface, showing that rotary swaging is a suitable deformation method for tungsten heavy alloys to provide an appropriate surface modification for its use in metallic parts undergoing, e.g., fatigue. Residual stresses developed in the NiCo2W-phase are larger than those found in the tungsten particles although with a secondary role in the overall equilibrium conditions due to its lower strength and smaller volume fraction. Total stresses for each phase were separated into macro- and microstresses. Macrostresses can be mainly influenced by the incompatibility of the elliptical cross-section of the sintered sample with the head of the rotary machine while microstresses are mainly developed by the elastic mismatch between the constituent phases.