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Sustainable development of operational infrastructure for electric vehicles: A case study for Poland

dc.contributor.authorChmielewski, Adrian
dc.contributor.authorPiórkowski, Piotr
dc.contributor.authorMożaryn, Jakub
dc.contributor.authorOžana, Štěpán
dc.date.accessioned2024-02-09T06:40:34Z
dc.date.available2024-02-09T06:40:34Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.identifier.citationEnergies. 2023, vol. 16, issue 11, art. no. 4528.cs
dc.identifier.issn1996-1073
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10084/152015
dc.description.abstractThis article overviews Poland’s current electric vehicle infrastructure development. It discusses market segmentation and the analysis of charging standards, connectors, and types of charging. The paper focuses on Poland’s charging infrastructure, including costs and charging times for popular electric vehicle models in 2022. It highlights the challenges faced by charging operators and the barriers to infrastructure development. The article also presents the outlook for the electric vehicle market in Poland until 2025 and 2030. Furthermore, it examines private charger development, particularly in prosumer households with renewable energy sources. The implementation of smart charging and the potential for vehicle-to-grid technology in Poland are addressed. Lastly, a comparative analysis of incentives for electric vehicle users in Poland and Norway is discussed in the context of achieving 100% zero-emission vehicle sales by 31 December 2035, in Poland.cs
dc.language.isoencs
dc.publisherMDPIcs
dc.relation.ispartofseriesEnergiescs
dc.relation.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/en16114528cs
dc.rights© 2023 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution.cs
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/cs
dc.subjectoperational infrastructurecs
dc.subjectbattery electric vehiclescs
dc.subjectrecharging stationcs
dc.subjectrecharging pointcs
dc.subjectrecharging connectorscs
dc.subjectbi-directional chargercs
dc.subjectsmart chargingcs
dc.subjectprosumer micro-installationcs
dc.subjectenergy aggregatorcs
dc.subjectrenewable energy sourcescs
dc.titleSustainable development of operational infrastructure for electric vehicles: A case study for Polandcs
dc.typearticlecs
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/en16114528
dc.rights.accessopenAccesscs
dc.type.versionpublishedVersioncs
dc.type.statusPeer-reviewedcs
dc.description.sourceWeb of Sciencecs
dc.description.volume16cs
dc.description.issue11cs
dc.description.firstpageart. no. 4528cs
dc.identifier.wos001006142800001


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© 2023 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution.
Kromě případů, kde je uvedeno jinak, licence tohoto záznamu je © 2023 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution.