Problematika trhacích prací při ražbě podzemních staveb

Abstract

The graduate thesis deals with blasting during excavation of underground structures. The aim is to compare different methods for the design of blasting and non-detonating expansion disintegration in technical and economic aspects. The search section of thesis describes the negative effects of blasting. The most important part is the seismicity induced by blasting. Then there are ways of firing explosives and method of calculating the weight of charges for blasting invented by Mečíř-Válek, Langefors and Olofsson. The practical part contains three chapters. The first deals with the application of design methods of blasting on the construction "Reconstruction of sewer on the street Českobrodská". It also deals with the protection of buildings near the construction against negative effects of blasting. The maximum allowable seismic load buildings and methods of protection against throw. In the second chapter of the practical part is designed project of non-detonating excavation of tunel using the non-detonating cartridges AUTOSTEM I. This proposal includes a calculation of the potential seismic load of surrounding objects and calculate the necessary weights of pyrotechnics charge for rock breaking. The project includes the drilling pattern drawn and the passport. In the last chapter of thesis is drafted the budget for blasting proposed by each method (Mečíř-Válek, Langefors and Olofsson) and the budget for disintegration using the non-detonating cartridges AUTOSTEM I.