Vývoj a druhová rozmanitost bentosu poklesových kotlin Horního Slezska.

Abstract

The study deals with the characteristics of benthic invertebrates in the Flooded Mine Subsidences of Upper Silesia. These water bodies have a very significant landscape-forming character and prove that even the negative changes caused in the areas affected by the mining of minerals can cause positive changes in the landscape. An example is the mining region of Upper Silesia, which, by its undulating surface and secondary development of post-mining water bodies, provides habitats for various aquatic species. During 2013 - 2014, 8 subsidence troughs and one reference area were mapped with a view to exploring the diversity of individual selected habitats with different anthropogenic stress. On the basis of multihabitat sampling, 105 samples from 9 monitored plots were taken, which included 362 individuals in 19 families, 8 orders and 33 species of benthic invertebrates. The survey suggests that a specific percentage of taxa has a higher abundance in reservoirs with natural succession processes than in reservoirs whose character affects the mine's tailings material used to rehabilitate the shores. Biotic indices have pointed to the low biological diversity of flooded mine subsidences troughs, but with a much more balanced and resilient organism community. Groups of organisms with related identical tolerance to environmental contamination were selected. These species show both negative and positive correlation with the monitored conditions. Theyr links to the given nature of the environment also bring coexistence of species with different trophic preferences, which prevents possible interspecific competition. Four types of flooded mine depressions were defined according to chemical similarity of their water column. The predicted effect of vegetation presence to higher invertebrate concentrations did not become a major limiting factor affecting the macrozoobenthos biodiversity of flooded subsidences.