Půdní semenné banky posttěžební krajiny Horního Slezska.

Abstract

The study is focused on evaluation of the above-ground vegetation and soil seed bank on black coal heaps Odra, Stachanov and Ema-Terezie-Petr Bezruč , that are located in the Ostrava-Karviná Coal District (OKR). Within the framework of 46 phytosociological relevés 94 samples of soil seed bank were took, each sampling consisted of 5 partial samples. The evaluation took place within individual heaps and according to the respective matrix biotopes : forest - forest-free, slope - plateau, reclamation - succession. A total of 178 species and 2 genera were found in phytosociological relevés, 24 species of invasive species and 7 species protected. The diversity of above-ground vegetation establish by the Shannon-Wiener index H´ was statistically higher for reclaimed areas and forest habitats. The evenness E species of above-ground vegetation did not show any significant difference. The dependence of vegetation composition on development = succession or reclamation, was also demonstrated by direct gradient analysis. The effect of SW exposure was shown as "nearly" significant. The soil seed bank was evaluated by extraction method. In the sampling of the soil seed bank at monitored heaps, 12 704 seeds were found, which were determined 72 species and 9 genera. The dominant species of soil seed bank was Betula pendula. 9 invasive species were found in the soil seed bank, Robinia pseudoacacia seeds were found in all monitored heaps. The two species of soil seed bank are protected. There was no statistically significant difference in H 'or equivalence of E of the observed habitats; evenness of species of individual dumps differed statistically as a result of the strong dominance of birch seeds. The similarity of above-ground vegetation and soil seed bank expressed by the Jaccard index was low, the maximum value did not exceed 20%. Multicriterial data analysis showed a statistical effect of tree cover on the composition of the soil seed bank. There was also an essential link between species and inclination and development; species of “more open” areas belonged to sloping and succession habitats, species of “wooder” areas to milder slopes and reclaimed areas.