Experimentální využití vyčištěných odpadních vod pro potřeby požární ochrany území zasažených hydrologickým suchem

Abstract

The Czech water sector faces the challenge of a circular economy, with technological costs preventing the full use of treated wastewater (WWTP), although global population growth, industry and urbanization are increasing the demand for water and wastewater treatment is becoming critical for the preservation of water resources. This dissertation addressed the potential and feasibility of using treated wastewater from WWTP as an alternative source of fire water for units of the Fire Rescue Service (HZS) and the Volunteer Firefighters' Corps (SDH). The primary water source (hydrant network) is also a source of drinking water, and its pumping for fire extinguishing (e.g. landfills or stacks) is unethical and unprofessional in the context of sustainable management. The work confirmed the technological, technical and economic justification for using treated wastewater as a full-fledged and available alternative, especially in the case of insufficient capacity of the hydrant network or for events requiring higher volumes of water. Testing has shown that many samples from the WWTP meet the standards for irrigation water (e.g. ČSN 75 7143) and chemical-physical requirements for stored fire water. The main hazard factor is the possible presence of bacteria (especially Legionella spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella), but the work emphasizes that concerns about use are not fully justified, because the risk is not higher than with commonly used natural sources. Resistance to use is primarily a psychological barrier resulting from insufficient education. In conclusion, it is recommended to include treated wastewater in the tactical procedures of fire brigade and SDH units. However, this recommendation is conditional on strict adherence to the precautionary principle and safety protocols, including the use of adequate personal respiratory protective equipment (FFP2/FFP3), due to the possible presence of bacterial strains.