Racionální využití polyuretanových odpadů ve stavebnictví.

Abstract

This thesis is dealing with the using of the polyurethane foam with the density of 30 to 80 kg.m-3 at the end of the life cycle of this foam and its incorporation into the plaster mixture. Polyurethane foam is not soaking, waterproofing and thermal insulating material, format and size stable, resistant towards to aggressive environment. Due to specific properties, such as low density and bulkiness, does not allow efficient storage. In this thesis are presented different ways of recycling polyurethane foam and then use the mechanical recycling process for usage polyurethane foam as filler into the plaster mixture. This thesis also includes a proposal of crushing of polyurethane foams, based on tests on the knife grinding crushers. Crushed polyurethane foams were subjected to further analyzes to determine the grain size fractions suitable for incorporation into the plaster mixture. The thesis describes the analysis of contaminated crushed polyurethane foam as raw material for a plaster mixtures and then proposition of the recipes for solidification of these crushed polyurethane foams. Solidificates were analysed by using aqueous extracts and their dangerousness and the possibility/conditions of storage were defined. This research also includes recommendation of the experimental mixture recipes based on crushed polyurethane foams, which have been tested for physical and mechanical properties. Related to these results were recommended and selected mixtures for further research. This thesis also deals with optimizing of the plaster mixtures, based on recipes from the first experimental mixtures. Samples of these mixtures were also tested for physical and mechanical properties and from the results were chosen the most appropriate recipe based on polyurethane filler. Thus prepared plaster mixture was compared with competing products from the segment of redevelopment plasters. The comparison was made by tabulated values and also by practical tests of determination of capillary absorption coefficient and resistance to the salts.