Biodiverzita motýlů (Lepidoptera) na sanovaných plochách hornické krajiny.

Abstract

Doctoral thesis deals with research of butterfly species on rehabilitated and reclaimed areas after black coal mining in the Upper Silesian Basin. The goal is to compare the diversity of butterflies at various rehabilitated and reclaimed areas with the diversity of different area types of management and water regime with reference areas outside the mining territory. Postmining landscape has been significantly altered. It creates new habitats for flora, fauna and especially insects such as butterflies. Butterfly react quickly to changes in the environment, e.g. microclimate and water regime, they show own bioindicative properties. They rapidly colonize newly created habitats. Butterflies respond to changes in vegetation according to the requirements of their larvae regarding host plants and requirements butterflies to nectar. Analysis of the vegetation cover, with a focus on host plants of butterflies and basic characteristics of soil conditions for plants is the partial aim of the doctoral thesis. Dependence butterflies on newly created habitats on reclaimed and rehabilitated areas was monitored at 27 localities including the reference areas of mining landscape Karvinsko and, to a lesser extent, Ostrava and the Polish border. Analysis of butterflies, vegetation cover and soil was carried out in the period 2014 and 2015. Shannon - Wiener diversity index was detected for each monitored site. Dependencies between the butterflies and the habitats came into being were found based on statistical analysis. Analysis of habitat depending on the basic physical properties of soils and chemical composition of elements in the soil of selected sites were made. Based on the results of the dissertation, we can say that after finishing the exploitation of hard coal the reclaimed areas become similar to habitats of traditionally managed areas. . Reclaimed areas are important for the colonization of butterfly species on a large abandoned areas. The areas are colonized predominantly by common species with lower level of indicating significance. However, endangered and indicating important species of butterflies have taken root, in some cases.