Výpočet parametrů související s rizikem mortality u pacientů s respiratorním selháním

Abstract

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) represents a highly specialised technique of resuscitation care in patients with respiratory failure. In critically ill patients with respiratory failure, the venovenous ECMO technique is typically used as protective lung ventilation fails to provide adequate gas exchange. This method allows for bridging the most critical period of patients with severe respiratory failure. During the COVID-19 pandemic (Coronavirus Disease 2019), we saw a significant increase in the application of this technique. The theoretical part of this master’s thesis shows the initial experience of centres providing care for the disabled with acute respiratory failure induced by the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome–Related Coronavirus). The part then presents scoring systems used in intensive care, protective lung ventilation and ECMO. The theoretical part is concluded with a description of available scoring systems predicting the survival of ECMO in patients with acute respiratory distress treated with venovenous ECMO. The practical part of the thesis describes the implementation of software for calculating scoring systems used in mortality risk valuation in patients with COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome before starting ECMO therapy. These scoring systems were verified in patients hospitalised at the University Hospital Ostrava and the University Hospital Olomouc.