Specifika geodetických metod v egyptské archeologii.

Abstract

The dissertation deals with the problems of geodetic methods in the environment of Egyptian archaeology. Documentation methods are an important part of field archaeological research. Simple sketches, verbal description, drawing on millimetre scale paper using simple tools are produced. In recent decades, modern methods and technologies have been used in archaeological research. Documentation is faster and archaeologists are acquiring new datasets that give them a different angle on the site. In the field of surveying, powerful total stations with integrated GPS receiver and laser scanner are used. Other methods of data collection in archaeology are remote sensing, terestrical and airborne laser scanning. This dissertation examines the role of geodesy in archaeological research with a focus on archaeology in the Egyptian context. The theoretical part of the thesis describes the specifics of surveying methods, the influence of natural conditions on measurement, the effect on instruments and administrative constraints. Another part of the thesis is devoted to the history and present use of geodesy methods in Czech (Czechoslovak) Egyptology. The beginning of the use of geodetic and photogrammetric methods in excavations in Nubia in the 1960s and the beginning of work on the pyramid field at Abusir, the documentation of the tomb of Ptahshepses and the building of a geodetic network. Some modern methods of data collection and processing are briefly described. Remote sensing, geophysical methods, mapping with GPS receivers, terrestrial laser scanning, use of GIS and 3D modelling with cross-sectional photogrammetry. The practical part describes the method of complex documentation of a selected archaeological object, which is the tomb of a TY dignitary in northern Saqqara. Geodetic methods, terrestrial laser scanning and cross-sectional photogrammetry were used for documentation. The data processing procedure and the production of outputs are described. A separate chapter is devoted to the problem of comparing historical documentation and its comparison with new data, and another chapter discusses the method of documentation of the shaft and burial chamber of the selected object.