Porovnání konvenční mechanicko-biologické a kořenové čistírny odpadních vod

Abstract

This thesis compares two types of wastewater treatment plants designed for small municipalities – a conventional mechanical-biological treatment plant in Vlaštovičky and a constructed wetland treatment system in Závada. The objective was to evaluate their efficiency in terms of treated water quality, considering the applied treatment technologies as well as the economic demands of construction and operation. An analysis of mass and concentration data for key indicators (COD, BOD₅, total suspended solids, total phosphorus, and ammonium ions) was conducted using data from 2023 and 2024. Both treatment plants met the legal limits for wastewater discharge. The mechanical-biological system showed more stable performance over time, whereas the constructed wetland was more susceptible to seasonal fluctuations. The economic assessment revealed lower operational costs for the constructed wetland but also indicated its lower flexibility and capacity. The findings provide a basis for informed decision-making when selecting a suitable treatment technology for small communities, taking into account local conditions and financial resources.