Faktory ovlivňující exportní konkurenceschopnost průmyslového podniku

Abstract

Foreign trade is one of the elements of external economic relations with a very specific position, because it is linked to the world economy by the national economy. The importance of foreign trade for the Czech economy is huge due to its size and focus. For the Czech Republic, as a highly open economy, export-oriented enterprises, which contribute to GDP formation and which ensure the balance of the current account of the balance of payments, are extremely important. International trade, which is mainly influenced by the processes of liberalization, internationalization and globalization of the world economy using modern technologies, is experiencing rapid development, as most business entities are aware of the necessity of developing international activities with the aim of applying products on foreign markets. In the Czech Republic, the concentration of exports to a few sectors is increasing significantly. This high sectoral concentration of Czech exporters, together with a strong territorial export orientation, primarily on EU countries, makes the Czech Republic highly vulnerable to fluctuations and economic shocks on foreign markets.

The presented dissertation is devoted to the issue of export competitiveness, its development, theoretical aspects, foreign approaches and concepts in the Czech environment. The main objective of the dissertation was to identify anticipated microeconomic and macroeconomic determinants affecting the export competitiveness of industrial enterprises and to determine their significance and interdependence with the subsequent creation and quantification of the econometric foreign trade model of the Czech Republic for the period 2013-2017. The result of the explanatory gravity model of foreign trade was the determination of the statistical significance of the variables that have a major impact on exports. According to this model, the success of exports depends heavily on the country's economic growth (GDP indicator) and the distance between business partners. The results of econometric modeling were complemented by calculations of Foreign Trade Intensity Indices and Comparative Advantage Index. Furthermore, the work focused on the creation and implementation of a questionnaire survey in the industrial business sector, through which internal factors were found that influence success on foreign markets of industrial enterprises.