Vliv dekontaminačních činidel na povrchy vybraných materiálů při pasivní a aktivní dekontaminaci vysoce toxických chemických látek

Abstract

The decontamination of CWA - chemical warfare agents has been directed only for the military and the military sphere for many years. At present, it is necessary to have appropriate means and procedures in the civil sphere, where interference with a dangerous chemical can cause far more serious consequences due to unpreparedness of the population. The development of decontamination procedures, information on the effectiveness of decontamination agents and knowledge of the effect of decontamination agents on materials is therefore an essential part of increasing preparedness to protect the population from being hit by hazardous chemicals. Since it is never possible to exclude a crash or other manner of contamination of humans and the environment with CBRN substances, decontamination is required. The basis for decontamination is to create a decontamination program so that decontamination is safe and cost-effective. Chemical decontamination is widely used due to speed and price. The methods, however, place great demands on the knowledge and abilities of chemists. Using more concentrated solutions reduces decontamination time and increases decontamination efficiency. Chemical decontamination can be used for complex geometry of the surface but fails on porous surfaces Thesis deals with the problems of decontamination substances on the surface of demineralized materials, both by contaminated highly toxic substances - active decontamination and non-contaminated highly toxic substances - passive decontamination. Knowledge of this influence may point to the necessity of selecting another material or the surface of the selected material. And it can lead to cost savings and the rapid return of contaminated persons and equipment to normal life and traffic. It also focuses on the possibility of using Biochar - the product of the pyrolysis of the waste after the fermentation process of the biomass, the verification of Biocharge's ability to sorb undesirable substances and the preparation of Biochar nanotextile composite suitable for sorption material and for protective materials and nanomaterials. Nanomaterials occur in particular in the form of nanoparticles or nanoparticles of micron particles. However, such particles need to be attached to the structure so that they can be used in practice for a variety of applications. One method is to hold the particles between the fibers so that they do not release and retain their properties. This can be achieved by combining particle spraying directly into a spinning process such as melt-blown or electrostatic spinning, or a combination of both. In this way, it is possible to create a completely unique composite material which can then be combined with others depending on its use.