Volný pohyb pracovníků na vnitřním trhu Evropské unie

Abstract

This thesis is dedicated to the free movement of workers as one of the fundamental freedoms of the internal market of the European Union. The aim of the bachelor’s thesis is to evaluate the functioning of the free movement of workers in practice based on an analysis of the theoretical foundations and legal framework within the European Union and to identify the main barriers and factors influencing labor mobility. The theoretical part describes and explains the concept of the internal market, its historical development, and the four fundamental freedoms, focusing on the free movement of persons and, more specifically, on the free movement of workers. Attention is further given to defining the legal framework of the European Union in the context of the free movement of workers, with emphasis on primary and secondary law as well as the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union. The practical part of the thesis analyses the current state of the free movement of workers in the years 2019–2023. Following the analysis of the current labor market situation, the main practical barriers to freedom such as language barriers and administrative obstacles are identified. The final part of the thesis assesses the roles of the EURES, ELA, and SOLVIT institutions in supporting labor mobility and reducing these obstacles. The concluding synthesis confirms that, despite persisting barriers and social risks, the free movement of workers remains a key factor for the stability and competitiveness of the European economy.