Žahadloví blanokřídlí (Hymenoptera: Aculeae) na plochách po těžbě hnědého uhlí Severočeské hnědouhelné pánve

Abstract

This thesis is focused on wild bees and wasps (Hymenoptera: Aculea) inhabiting 114 study plots on brown coal spoil heaps situated in the North Bohemia Brown Coal Basin. In total, 2705 individuals sorted into 212 species and 13 families were collected using Moerickeho pan-traps exposed from April to August 2015. Species typical for sandbanks and open landscape, epigeical nesting and nectar feeding species have prevailed. Fifty rare species listed in red list (1 regionally extinct, 6 critically endangered, 14 endangered, 24 vulnerable) and 6 protected by the law and some next rare species have been recorded. Importance of spoil heaps from aculean hymenoptera point of view is huge for nature protection (analogous to different plant and faunal groups or other post-industrial sites). Effect of management (reclaimed sites vs. sites developing spontaneously) on composition and structure of aculean hymenoptera was assessed. Successions host more species and more abundance communities and simultaneously achieve higher nature-protected value. Rare species have occurred more frequently (it means less isolated) on successions than on reclamations that has implication for metapopulation dynamic. Nevertheless, reclamations are refuges of rare and common species missing on successions. In restoration practice, it is recommended to combine both approaches (successions and reclamations), to create suitable nesting habitats and refuges, food sources support and post-reclamation management. Essential is to keep habitats in different, all above young, succession stages, to provide fine mosaic of different habitats – especially sites with bare substrate and/or sporadic vegetation. Aculean hymenoptera as important pollinators and natural pest enemies can improve landscape function and intensify productivity of agricultural reclamations.