Potlačení nálepů strusky v energetických kotlích přidáváním aditiva do vsázky.

Abstract

This thesis adresses the possibility to reduce slag creation in power furnaces using batch additives. The possibilities to reduce the slag creation in the furnaces were explored by the means of laboratory experiments and technological verification. Ash melt temperature and indices of slagging and fouling are used in this thesis as indicators of furnaces slagging and fouling. The experimental part is divided into two sections. The termoplastic properties of ash were determined in the laboratory environment according to Czech regulation ČSN ISO 540 Uhlí a koks – stanovení tavitelnosti popela (Coal and coke – determination of ash melting). Indices of slagging and fouling were calculated based on chemical analysis of ash using x-ray fluorescence. Further, slag from Teplarna Privoz furnaces was analyzed using x-ray difraction, x-ray fluorescence and SEM/EDAX analysis. We also performed analysis to determine leachability class, ecotoxicity, and pollutant content in dry slag for the purpose of slag disposal. The second section calculates the efficiency of Teplarna Privoz furnaces using an indirect method. The efficiency was calculated with and without using additives. The result shows efficiency increase of 1 % can be reached by using addivites. Expenses (with and without additive) for furnace cleaning are also compared in the thesis.