Nežádoucí látky ve vodách

Abstract

This bachelor thesis deals with the collection of detailed information on selected undesirable substances polluting surface and groundwater. Their forms of occurrence, sources and negative effects on living organisms. Of the vast number of undesirable substances, work is mainly focused on sulphates, nitrates and copper. Sulphates whose principal polluting factor is acidification. The source of acidification is mainly mine water, it is the subsurface water that fills the mined mining areas. Mining water with an increased concentration of sulphides and dissolved metals leaks from mining areas and can thus contaminate soil and surface water. Acidic water is very toxic to plants and animals in the aquatic ecosystem. Nitrates, together with phosphorus, come mainly from agricultural soils into groundwater by fertilizing with industrial nitrogen fertilizers. Plants do not always use all the substances, they are washed out of the soil into surface waters and can also threaten the underground water sources. Another polluting water is copper, whose anthropogenic source can be waste water from the surface treatment of metals, in copper drinking water is mainly due to the corrosion of copper pipes. High doses of copper cause stomach and intestinal problems, liver, kidney and anemia.