Odstranění dusíkatých látek z vod - aplikace membránových procesů

Abstract

The present work is focused on the issue of nitrogen compounds in water, nitrates concretely. There are several methods available for removal of these pollutants from water. In this work the attention is focused on the methods of membrane separation - electrodialysis. The aim of this work was to determine the maximum efficiency of the membrane separation for removal of nitrate from the model solutions (NaNO3, NaNO3 and NaCl), reducing the volume of waste product and the establishment of operational parameters of membrane separation. The introduction summarizes information about membrane processes - description of the membrane material, the structure of the membrane and the membrane modules. The next chapter describes the different types of membrane processes. Furthermore, the attention is focused on the occurrence of nitrogen compounds in the water and the possibility for removal of these pollutants. The experimental part was focused on determining the degree of desalination of sodium nitrate and nitrate from mode solutions of NaNO3 and model solutions of NaNO3 with NaCl. Experiments were conducted on laboratory unit EDR(R)-Z/10-1.0. The results point out the high efficiency of the separation process, reach up to 96 - 99 %.