Migrace a její dopady ve vybraných zemích Evropské unie

Abstract

This bachelor’s thesis deals with migration as one of the most significant socio-economic processes of the contemporary world. The main aim of the thesis is to identify and evaluate the impacts of migration on Germany, Spain and Poland through descriptive and comparative analysis.The thesis first defines the basic concepts related to migration, introduces the main migration theories, and specifies both the causes and the general impacts of migration. Subsequently, the issue is placed into a broader context through an overview of the history of migration within the European Union and by presenting the Union’s migration and asylum policy.The core part of the thesis consists of an analysis that initially examines the characteristics of asylum seekers at the European level and subsequently compares labour market conditions in the selected countries. The final comparative section evaluates the ways in which migration affects these states in practice. The results of the analysis demonstrate that, depending on the specific characteristics and historical experience of the individual countries, immigration produces different demographic impacts, economic consequences, and social effects. The thesis therefore confirms that although migration represents a Europe-wide phenomenon, its specific impacts on labour markets, societies, and national economies vary considerably across the analysed countries