Příprava uhlíkatých materiálů mikrovlnnou pyrolýzou odpadních pneumatik pro snižování koncentrace xylenu z odpadních plynů

Abstract

Bachelor thesis is focused on preparation and use of activated carbon as a efficient adsorbent for reducing the concentration of pollutants (xylene) from waste gases. First part of the thesis deals with preparation of the activated carbon by microwave pyrolysis of waste tires, i.e. thermal decomposition in a microwave field without the acces of oxidizing agent, in one and two stages without and with the addition of activating agent (KOH). In the second part, the sorption capacity of xylene from the air stream on the prepared materials was tested and calculated. The best textural properties are shown by samples of first-stage pyrolysis with KOH activation, in this stage there was an increase of specific surface area and volume of micropores. Rest of the samples showed a meso-macroporous structure with a low specific surface area and zero micropore volume. Raman spectroscopy proved the ratio of disordered and graphitic structures to be comparable. The results of sorption experiments correlate with the results of texture analysis – the largest sorption capacity is shown by samples of first stage pyrolysis with activation. The adsorption capacity of the prepared activated carbons thus depends on the textural and structural properties.