Biodegradace topného oleje při likvidaci starých ekologických zátěží ve Vancouveru v Kanadě.

Abstract

This thesis is on the topic of challenges pertaining to methods of biodegradation which are applicable to petroleum contamination disposal. The literature section contains legislative requirements related to the issue at hand, a synopsis of findings concerning oil products, their characteristics and the environmental impacts. Furthermore, this part includes theoretical principals of the biodegradation process of oil products as well as a summary of bio-treatment technologies intended for their removal. The results section of the thesis reviews the monitoring of biodegradation processes in soil contaminated by heating oil substances by means of laboratory testing. Optimized bioremediation substrate, statistical overview of historical records of bioremediation projects where the bioremediation took a place and, based on this data, derivation of empirical equations to calculate the approximate volume of contaminated soils. In the following section the efficiency of optimized substrate used in laboratory experiments and in real project for period of one year is discussed and evaluated. The conclusion of the experimental section is devoted to the possibility of using already cleaned soils as a source of bioactive backfill material. Gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (GC/FID) was used for monitoring the level of petroleum contamination by means of petroleum hydrocarbons C10-C19 and C19-C32. The last segment of the practical section assesses the in situ effectiveness of the method. The efficiency of biodegradation processes is evaluated by analyses of a series of microbiological and chemical parameters, which are commonly used for monitoring in practice (e.g. determination of polluting substance concentration expressed as extractable petroleum hydrocarbons).