Význam odvalů v těžební krajině Horního Slezska pro výskyt blanokřídlého hmyzu (Hymenoptera)

Abstract

The consequences of mining on the landscape appearance can no longer be seen only as a necessary evil associated with mining activities. In its form, the post-mining landscape becomes an important, often the only place for life of many species of organisms, plants and animals. The dissertation thesis is focused on the assessment of the importance of waste piles created as unused waste after clay shale mining in connection with the occurrence of Hymenoptera insects. It emphasizes the importance of post-industrial habitats, especially for invertebrate animals, to which they can replace their disappearing natural habitats. The first part of the work is devoted directly to the mining landscape of Upper Silesia, specifically the geomorphological unit of Nízký Jeseník Mts., the description of the natural conditions of the research area concerned and last but not least, a very interesting history of shale mining in this area. I tis also important to mention the significance of post-industrial sites for biota. In the next part of the dissertation thesis there is an explanation of the term dump, or heap, together with a list of possibilities of using these places. The author deals with the question of what this pile of waste is actually good for. The following chapter then provides a glimpse into the world of Hymenoptera, in the vast majority of Aculeata, which were selected as a model group of animals in the research itself, with a narrower specialization in so-called solitary bees and bumble bees. Apart from other important activities, there is an emphasis on their indisputable importance consisting mainly in the role of irreplaceable pollinators. The main part of the dissertation thesis presents the methodology of the work, including a description of individual selected localities from which the practical results of the research carried out from March 2018 to October 2019 at ten selected sites in the cadastral area of Jakartovice in the Opava region are drawn. In addition to an extensive description of all found and determined species, the author also included numerous pictorial documentation in the appendices.