Valorizace odpadních hovězích kostí na přírodní produkty s přidanou hodnotou pomocí vysokotlakých technologií

Abstract

This master thesis deals with the valorization of waste bovine bones into natural products with added value using high-pressure technologies. The theoretical part discusses legislation and ecological issues related to by-products of animal origin, followed by an analysis of the anatomical and chemical composition of bones, down to the individual biomolecules found within them. Another aspect is introducing the reader to supercritical fluids (primarily water and carbon dioxide) and their physico-chemical properties as well as practical applications in extraction of waste biogenic material. The practical part of the thesis explores the extraction of aminoacids from bovine bones using subcritical water, pressurized hot ethanol, and supercritical carbon dioxide (without and with the co-solvent addition). The aim of this work is to study the influence of process parameters such as temperature, pressure, solvent type and their combinations on the quality and quantity of extracted aminoacids in liquid extracts and the porous structure properties and chemical composition of bonegrafts after extraction.