Stínová ekonomika ve vybraných zemí

Abstract

The diploma thesis deals with the development of the shadow economy and the individually selected subsystem shadow economy in nine countries of the EU that are not members of the Eurozone for the period 2007-2014 (2013). It describes basic aspects and the possibility of measuring the concerned areas. It then compares and analyzes the size of the shadow economy and its individual areas in the Czech Republic and other selected countries. The thesis is divided into three main chapters. The first part focuses on the theoretical foundations of the shadow economy, its causes, consequences and the results of empirical studies. Also selected areas of the shadow economy are characterized and the selected countries are specified from an economic point of view. The possibility of measuring the informal economy and its selected subsystems makes up the second part. The third section is focused on the development of the issue whereby, based on the obtained results comparison, analysis and deduction is done. Towards the end, proposals and recommendations are listed. The work concludes that the main reasons of the shadow economy are the tax size, the quality of institutions, regulations and much more. The largest part which is roughly two thirds of the shadow economy consists of undeclared work. The other one third is the result of fraudulent (false) reports. The largest share of the shadow economy was seen in Bulgaria with the contributing factors here being a high rate of unemployment and corruption. On the contrary, the lowest share of shadow economy in the United Kingdom and the main contributors were the low level of corruption and the overall low tax burden. Based on the individual subsystems, the largest share of the shadow economy in the labour market was in Denmark, primarily due to high taxes. The lowest was in Poland. The largest shadow economy on the alcohol market was in Romania, where the main reasons were extensive corruption, high duties and significant overall shadow economy. The lowest shadow economy on the alcohol market was in Denmark. Shadow economy on the tobacco market was highest in Bulgaria, mainly due to the high and increasing consumer taxes. On the contrary, the lowest shadow economy in this area is in Denmark.. The shadow economy in the context of tax evasion on VAT was the largest in Romania. On the contrary, the least VAT evasion was achieved in Sweden. The size of the shadow economy and its subsystems is average in the Czech Republic. Among the proposals and recommendations for the economic policy makers, which could contribute to the improvement of the situation in each of the areas of the shadow economy, are in summary the indirect actions like recovery (simplification and reduction) of taxes and social security system, improve, the introduction of electronic payment systems and control reporting of VAT payers.