Biosyntetizované metalické nanočástice a jejich potenciál při degradaci organických látek.

Abstract

The theoretical part of this dissertation thesis summarizes biosynthetic preparation of nanoparticles and their application as catalysts in the degradation of organic compounds. The aim of this work was to biosynthesize gold nanoparticles using the waste diatomite earth from bier filtration and plant extract from linden flower Tilia sp. With respect to used biomass, two types of nanomaterials were prepared, namely nanocomposite containing nanogold embedded on the silica surface and colloidal solution of gold nanoparticles. Depending on the obtained results, the task was to optimize biosynthesis conditions, study biosynthesized nanomaterials stability during the time and verify repeatability of nanogold biosynthesis. Finally, biosynthesized nanoparticles functionality was experimentally confirmed in catalysis, namely in degradation of 4-nitrophenol, pharmaceutical compounds ibuprofen and nervous paralytic poison soman. The results show that biosynthesis of nanometals can be repeatable method for stable nanoparticles preparation under optimized conditions. On the basis of performed experiments it was approved that applying an environmentally acceptable method metal nanoparticles with potential in catalysis could be prepared.