Kalibrácia nivelačných prístrojov

Abstract

This diploma thesis deals with the calibration and accuracy assessment of leveling instruments used in geodetic measurements. The aim of the thesis was to evaluate the accuracy of selected digital leveling instruments, verify their technical condition, and compare the results obtained by different control and calibration procedures. The theoretical part focuses on metrology in geodesy, calibration of measuring instruments and devices, geometric leveling, measurement errors in leveling, and the basic characteristics of optical and digital leveling instruments. The practical part is based on experimental measurements. The accuracy of the leveling instruments was assessed by measurements on a leveling baseline in forward and backward directions and by measurements on a closed leveling loop in both directions, with the results evaluated using the mean kilometer error. Another part of the measurements focused on determining the non-horizontality of the line of sight from measurements carried out on pillars and on determining the collimation error using the internal calibration procedure of the instruments. The thesis also includes the inspection and description of the rectification of the circular bubble and the line of sight in an optical leveling instrument. The results showed that higher accuracy was achieved in the baseline measurement than in the closed leveling loop measurement. In the indoor measurements, the results obtained from electronic and optical readings were evaluated separately. The values obtained from electronic readings were compared with the values derived from the collimation error, while the optical reading was assessed as an independent check with respect to the need for rectification. The thesis also highlights the importance of the technical condition of the instrument, regular calibration, and metrological control in the practical use of leveling instruments.