Hodnocení finanční pozice firmy vybranými ukazateli

Abstract

The bachelor’s thesis aims to evaluate the financial health of a selected company according to selected ratios from 2017 to 2021. Selected financial analysis methods are used, specifically the structure and trend analysis of financial statements, ratio analysis, breakdowns of financial indicators, and variance analysis. The data needed to perform financial analysis are drawn from the annual reports of the selected business entity. The thesis is divided into five chapters; the first is an introduction. The second chapter focuses on the theoretical and methodological foundations of financial analysis, which are used in the following chapters. The chapter describes the financial analysis and the financial statements that serve as data sources for financial analysis. The methodology of trend analysis and structure analysis is also described, and selected ratio indicators are explained. The chapter concludes with a description of the pyramidal decomposition of the indicator and the gradual change method. The third chapter introduces the selected business entity. Basic information about the company is provided, and a horizontal and vertical analysis of the balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement is performed. In the fourth chapter, selected financial analysis indicators are calculated and interpreted. In summary, the company's debt is within the recommended range. Based on the results of the solvency ratios, the analyzed company can be identified as financially stable. The overall and quick liquidity values are in the optimal range in all years. From the development of net working capital values, it can be concluded that the company is overcapitalized. The trend of activity indicators fluctuates, and the solvency rule has been met in all cases in the last two years. Profitability indicators decreased until 2020, but in 2021, they experienced a significant increase. The condition that the return on equity should be higher than the return on assets is met in all years. Using the pyramid decomposition of return on equity, it is possible to determine that financial leverage has the most significant influence on the resulting value of ROE. By analyzing the effects of changes in partial indicators on the change in the top indicator, it can be traced that the operating profit margin most strongly influences the year-on-year change in ROE in most years. In conclusion, the financial management of the selected company is mostly satisfactory. The values of some financial indicators developed negatively between 2017 and 2020, but in 2021, a significant improvement in the company's financial situation can be observed, which could continue in the following years.