Srovnání specifických ekotoxikologických zkoušek pro p-fenylendiamin, včetně jeho sorpce na běžný typ jílového minerálu

Abstract

This thesis deals with the evaluation of the toxicity of p-phenylenediamine used mainly in the textile industry, using ecotoxicological biotests. Because it is the p-phenylenediamine toxic, it may lead to escape into the waste water from textile industry and cause environmental pollution and disruption of the natural process of both flora and fauna. For this reason, one of the most effective ways to remove the p-phenylenediamine, or reduce its toxic effect on the environment, has been chosen. Just one of the ways to eliminate and reduce the toxicity of p-phenylenediamine it is adsorption on clay minerals. It was elected a type of clay mineral, which is found in large quantities in nature, and in the event of leakage of p-phenylenediamine starts an adsorption process itself immediately. In case there would be no adsorption of all dye on clays, it is necessary to determine the toxicity of the dye itself using ecotoxicological bioassays. The main attention is paid to light emission bioluminescence test of bacteria Vibrio fischeri, semichronic toxicity test, i.e. the growth inhibitory of duckweed (Lemna minor L.), and genotoxicity test on the onion (Allium cepa L.).