Studium biokumulace toxických kovů s využitím indigenních mikroskopických hub z prostředí po důlní a průmyslové činnosti

Abstract

With the development of modern forms of biotechnology, there is a growing interest in studying the impact of toxic metal contamination on microbial communities. Indigenous microscopic filamentous fungi and yeasts, isolated from environments contaminated with toxic metals and organic pollutants simultaneously, represent a useful heterotrophic group of organisms with a high adaptive capacity to stress conditions, which is advantageous for the removal of both types of pollutants simultaneously. The present dissertation describes long-term research starting with the isolation of microscopic filamentous fungi from the heavily polluted site of Ostrava lagoons, through the identification of these organisms to the verification of the ability of these organisms to efficiently remove selected toxic metal ions from the nutrient solution and subsequently accumulate these metals in their growing biomass. The dissertation also includes a review of genetic mechanisms of toxic metal resistance based on the processes of interaction of microscopic fungi with toxic metals. A thorough knowledge of these processes at the genetic level may lead to the identification of promising microorganisms capable of efficient bioremediation. The results of the experimental part show the ability of adapted indigenous microorganisms to better resist the action of toxic metals in the form of effective resistance mechanisms.