Benzen v geologickém prostředí v okolí havárie u Hustopečí nad Bečvou

Abstract

This diploma thesis focuses on the behavior of benzene in the geological environment, with particular emphasis on the accident that occurred near Hustopeče nad Bečvou in 2025. The theoretical part summarizes the physicochemical properties of benzene, its occurrence and sources in the environment, and its impact on individual environmental components, including air, water, soil, biota, and human health. Special attention is paid to its mobility, persistence, and risks to groundwater. The practical part of the thesis is focused on the characterization of the study area, description of the accident, and evaluation of results obtained from field investigations. Sampling was carried out in two phases and included surface water, groundwater, soils, and bottom sediments. Laboratory analyses were performed in cooperation with an accredited laboratory. The results showed that benzene concentrations in surface waters were below the detection limit, while groundwater samples indicated local contamination, with one sample slightly exceeding the drinking water limit (1 µg·l⁻¹). These findings confirm the high vulnerability of the Quaternary aquifer in the area and highlight the importance of hydrogeological conditions for contaminant migration. The discussion points to the spatially limited extent of contamination, the effectiveness of remediation measures, and the gradual decrease in concentrations over time. Additional information from local sources indicates significantly higher benzene concentrations immediately after the accident and subsequent improvement in water quality. The obtained results contribute to a better understanding of benzene migration in geological environments and can serve as a basis for risk assessment and management of similar environmental accidents.