Příčiny migrace v závislosti na úrovni vzdělání ve vybraných zemích EU

Abstract

Bachelor’s Thesis concerns with the causes of the workforce outflow depending on the education in selected countries of the European Union. Theoretical part defines the concept of migration and its motives and causes, the meaning of family, the reasons for young people’s migration and the brain drain phenomenon. It addresses the economic, demographic and social impacts of migration and its effects on the labour market in the country of origin and in the country of destination. The empirical part deals with the meaning of education in connection with the migration and the development of the country, factors determining the migration of students and their country of destination. The practical part analyses the migration depending on the level of education in Germany, Sweden, Denmark and Hungary in the years 2008 to 2017. For the calculation, data on the total number of foreigners in the country were obtained from the International OECD Migration Database and the percentage of migrant by education level was obtained from Eurostat. Educational levels are monitored in relation to the GDP per capita indicators in PPP (USD) of average gross wage in PPP at constant prices (USD) and unemployment rate by level of education (%) obtained from the OECD, Eurostat and World Bank databases. The analysis shows that PPP (USD) per capita GDP is important for immigrants with secondary and tertiary education. Whereas according to the Pearson’s correlation coefficient, this variable was not very significant for primary educated immigrants. The value of average gross wages in PPP at constant USD prices varies with individual countries and immigrants. This indicator was not important for immigrants with primary education in the case of a correlation with the unemployment rate with the exception of Sweden, which prefers other factors such as the social system. In the case of secondary and tertiary-educated immigrants, the strength of dependency varies in individual countries.