Bezpečnost bateriových úložišť umístěných v budovách

Abstract

This thesis addresses the current issue of fire safety and explosion prevention in battery energy storage systems (BESS) installed in buildings. The main focus is on the most widely used lithium-ion technologies, which are now standard in such installations, primarily in conjunction with photovoltaic power plants. The thesis begins by highlighting the relevance of the topic and then focuses in detail on the individual components of the system, classifying batteries according to their chemical composition. It also explains the operating principles and life cycle of these systems and discusses factors affecting the service life of battery storage systems. An important part of the thesis is the examination of the issue within the context of current Czech legislation, with a focus, among other things, on the newly adopted ČSN P 730847 standard. Subsequently, attention is given to potential hazards and risks, particularly in connection with emergency situations—primarily thermal runaway and related threats such as rising temperatures, gas toxicity, and the risk of fire and explosion. The reality of these situations is demonstrated, among other things, by actual recent cases of fires and explosions at battery storage facilities in the Czech Republic. The conclusion of the thesis presents a set of practical rules and recommendations for the safe installation and operation of the mentioned system.