Komparace rodinné politiky České republiky s vybranými zeměmi Evropské unie

Abstract

The topic of this master thesis is a comparison of family policy of Czech Republic with selected countries of European Union – France, Ireland and Sweden. These countries have been determined on the basis of results concerning reproduction of population where the best results are reached within the demographical indicator of total fertility rate. The similarities and differences of family policies in particular countries are analysed by means of the cited comparison. On the basis of this analysis, the aim of the master thesis is to suggest possible actions concerning the support system of families with children in Czech Republic. The comparative method, analysis, synthesis, deduction and induction were used in the master thesis. The development of family policy of the particular countries and their demographic development are described. Specific tools which are used for support of families in those countries are defined. Moreover, concrete sums, which families with children will receive, are evaluated and calculated in the thesis. On the basis of analysis, the findings indicate that the most generous state support for family with an average income and one child can be found in Czech Republic and in Sweden. Whereas the support of such families is not munificent in France and Ireland. Nevertheless, these states reach the best results in reproduction of population in the whole Europe. Therefore, there are described other possible factors that might have an influence on good results in these countries. It is concluded that state family policy should pay attention to not only the total sum, which is given to families in a particular state, but to other factors such as an equal access to care between a man and a woman, and synchronizing family and working life. These factors are closely related to securing fine and available childcare or flexibility of providing benefits. These principles have been recommended to Czech Republic. It should be emphasized that a mother cannot take care of a child on her own, parents should be enabled to care about their child as well as work and build their careers, and last but not least, parents should be able flexibly and preferably use the advantages of parental leaves and benefits provided by state. All the preconditions might improve the situation of reproduction of population in Czech Republic.