Analýza vývoje globálního obchodu se zbožím a službami v proměnách světové ekonomiky

Abstract

This bachelor thesis is focused on the analysis of the development and structure of international trade in goods and services in the period 2005–2024. The aim of the thesis is to identify the main trends in the development of international trade, to assess structural differences between trade in goods and trade in services, and to evaluate the position of individual regions and countries classified according to their level of economic development. In the theoretical part, the basic foundations of international trade, trade policy, and the global economic environment are defined. The analytical part is based on a quantitative approach, and secondary data from the UNCTADstat database are used. The thesis examines the development of the value of exports of goods and services at the global level, their year-on-year dynamics, the commodity and technological structure of goods exports, the structure of services exports, regional shares in international trade, and the position of developed, developing, and least developed countries. Based on the analysis, it was found that international trade grew in the long term during the observed period, but its development was interrupted by crises and short-term fluctuations. The basic structure of goods exports at the global level did not change substantially and remained based mainly on industrial products. In the area of services, the growing importance of knowledge- and information-intensive services was confirmed. The regional analysis showed the strengthening position of Asia, while lower shares in international trade were maintained by Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, and Oceania. When countries were classified according to their level of economic development, the gradual strengthening of developing economies was identified, while the influence of China was also taken into account. Overall, it was confirmed that international trade remains structurally and regionally uneven.