Spolupráce Evropské unie a NATO v kontextu nových bezpečnostních hrozeb

Abstract

At present time the security environment is undergoing the significant dynamic changes, when both Europe and Euro Atlantic regions face the principal security challenges and threats. It comes to penetration of internal and external threats and removing of differences between them. Among the trends and factors we can rank the ambitions of new global and regional participants, phenomenon of depressed states, use of globalization by non-state participants, phenomenon of foreign combatants, expansion of the so called Islamic state, irregular demographic development, limits of energy sources, raw materials, food and water, migration pressures and climatic changes. Therefore it is very important that the European Union and NATO would cooperate in this permanently changing security environment. Just the cooperation between the European Union and NATO is the topic of this diploma thesis. As per the themes the thesis is divided into three main chapters. In the first part there is defined the theoretical starting points of the problems. This chapter describes the foundation of the NATO and its further development in the changing international security environment. Here are outlined the most serious crises, which had to be faced by the Alliance during the Cold War, together with the most significant treaties, which were concluded. Attention was paid also to transformation of the NATO after ending the bipolar division of the World. The chapter is completed with the development of the European security cooperation, and attention is given mainly to motives and goals of CSDP. The second chapter in its introduction focuses on relations between the North Atlantic Alliance and the European Union, with emphasis on treaties and agreements in the area of security, which are shared by these organizations. There follows a comparison of defense expenses between the European countries, but as well between the European Union and the USA. Here are analyzed the disputes preventing a closer and more effective cooperation between the CSDP and the NATO. The chapter is then finished with the phenomenon of hybrid war, which came to the fore due to Ukrainian crisis. The third chapter concentrates on involvement of the Czech Republic in the EU and NATO missions. Here is carried out a comparison within the Visegrad group and the chapter is ended with evaluation of advantage and disadvantage of the Czech Republic´s membership in the north Atlantic Alliance.