Výzkum využití biomasy jako akumulační zdroj energie s aplikací na řízení kogeneračních jednotek

Abstract

This dissertation deals with the issue of cogeneration units (KGJ) both in terms of electric and thermal energy. The theoretical part deals with individual types of cogeneration units. This section is based on an assessment of the individual types of cogeneration units from the point of view of power supply. Cogeneration units are evaluated using the Multi-Criteria Analysis and Non-Compliance (CDA) method. The units considered are the combustion engine, the combustion turbine and the backpressure steam turbine. The evaluation criteria are electrical efficiency, start time, power control range and cost of ownership. The following chapter describes the individual parts of the cogeneration unit. The third part of the thesis deals with cogeneration units in the Czech Republic in terms of development and legislation. This is explained on practical applications in practice. When designing cogeneration units from a regulatory point of view, it is necessary to be familiar with the legislation of these sources to devise and examine things that they have usage in practice. For essential things in terms of legislation are considered the size of the installed power, the type of combustion fuel, the collective remote control (HDO), the control of dispatching, the feedback effects, etc. The last part shows the simulation of control of the cogeneration unit from the central dispatching center. This chapter evaluates cogeneration units abroad. The theoretical part of the work follows the practical part of the measurements on specific cogeneration units. One of the measurements is on the biogas station where the most important electrical parameters from the cogeneration unit were measured. The measured data was evaluated according to ČSN EN 50160, which shows the quality of the supplied electric power. The following section describes the use of thermal and electrical energy on the specific application. The cogeneration unit is connected to a accumulative tank, which helps to compensate for irregular heat withdrawals. This application connects electrical and thermal regulation in practice. The final part of this work deals with the modeling of cogeneration units. This model is programmed in Microsoft Excel. The input parameters are different, according to the required calculation requirements. The program can design a cogeneration unit for the specified mode of operation. It can also count on the economic side of the cogeneration unit's operation, which may include revenue in individual years, operating costs, green bonuses, cash flow, return on investment and other economic requirements.