Využití procesu biosorpce k eliminaci rizikových látek z vodného roztoku

Abstract

Biosorption is a physicochemical and metabolically independent process based on various mechanisms, including absorption, adsorption, ion exchange, surface complexation, and precipitation. As a branch of biotechnology, biosorption is focused on the removal or recovery of organic and inorganic substances from solution by biological material, which may include living or dead microorganisms and their components, seaweed, plant materials, industrial and agricultural waste and natural residues. The relatively good efficiency of this process even at low metal concentrations, the similarity to the ion exchange process, but above all its cheaper and more environmentally friendly alternative to conventional techniques, has resulted in advanced biosorption technology. Nevertheless, its adoption for large-scale industrial wastewater treatment is still a distant reality. The purpose of the bachelor thesis is to analyze various aspects of biosorption technology, based on various biosorbents used so far and various factors influencing this process. The better economic value of biosorption technology is also related to the repeated reuse of biosorbent with minimal loss of efficiency. In this context, the bachelor's thesis also describes the desorption of metal pollutants, as well as the regeneration of the used biosorbent.