Možnosti zvýšení účinnosti při vytápění stavebních objektů biomasou

Abstract

This dissertation thesis deals with the possibility of using biomass for heat production, as a replacement for existing facilities for burning fossil fuels in buildings. In this thesis, the attention is mainly focused on buildings with heat loss in the approximate level into 100 kW. Therefore, it is not a solution for family houses. The automatic biomass boiler is one of the ways, how to make the heating with solid fuels more ecological. The advantage of the biomass is mainly the lack of sulphur oxides in the flue gas and the zero balance of carbon dioxide (CO2 emissions are practically identical for the burning and rot). Nowadays, there is a large number of facilities for burning the biomass. However, the disadvantage is the hard drying (mainly wood chips and agricultural waste), which is needed for good-quality burning with high efficiency. This dissertation thesis deals with the possibilities of increasing efficiency in biomass burning, especially biomass which is otherwise energetically uneasily usable. This thesis is emphasized on the device for combustion of fresh (wet) biomass with maximizing the efficiency and application of this system to the buildings. The high efficiency of this device is primarily achieved by condensing unit, in which the condensation of water vapor from the flue gas is realized and which makes possible a better utilization of the energy in the fuel. Condensation of water vapor from the flue gas in this work is chosen as the most appropriate way to increase the efficiency of plants for biomass combustion, as it has so far untapped potentiality. The experimental verification of condensing biomass boiler in the operation and use of this knowledge for the optimization of individual components to achieve the best efficiency results of the device at acceptable evolution of pollutant emissions from the burning of wet biomass is also part of this work. The results of these experiments are used for better understanding of events which are done in the combustion chamber and the condensing unit. Biomass boilers utilizing the principle of water vapor condensation in the flue gases make probable way of development for biomass combustion in the coming years.