Technicko-ekonomické aspekty využití nízkoemisních energetických zdrojů

Abstract

This doctoral dissertation focuses on the development and validation of a methodology for the quantitative assessment of low-emission and renewable energy sources based on an integrated evaluation of their technical, economic, and environmental parameters. The main objective of the dissertation is to create an original, methodologically transparent, and reproducible assessment tool that enables systematic comparison of different energy technologies under the conditions of the Czech Republic and the European Union, and that provides a robust basis for strategic, investment, and policy-oriented decision-making in the energy sector. The theoretical part of the dissertation is based on an extensive literature review addressing the development of low-emission energy sources, their technical and economic characteristics, environmental impacts, and existing methodological approaches to their evaluation. Special attention is paid to a comparative analysis of the development of renewable energy sources and support mechanisms in the Czech Republic, the European Union, and the Nordic countries, which represent a reference example of a long-term, stable, and systematic approach to energy transition. Based on the identified limitations of existing assessment tools, an original integrative analytical framework is proposed. The practical part of the dissertation is devoted to the design and implementation of a multi-layer computational model developed in MS Excel, which integrates techno-economic analysis (TEA) and life cycle assessment (LCA) within a single computational environment. The model enables the evaluation of low-emission technologies using standard economic indicators, such as the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE), net present value (NPV), and payback period, together with environmental indicators, particularly global warming potential (GWP). The functionality and analytical relevance of the model are verified using case studies of solar, wind, and geothermal electricity generation and through scenario analyses reflecting different geographical, climatic, and economic conditions. The main contribution of the dissertation is a flexible, auditable, and practically applicable assessment tool that overcomes the limitations of conventional “black-box” approaches and provides a solid methodological basis for further research and practical application in the field of low-emission energy systems.