Lokalizace bytové výstavby v podmínkách sídelních a průmyslových aglomerací

Abstract

The subject of the work is the analysis of housing from the perspective of its location in terms of the Ostrava‘s urban and industrial agglomeration. The preconditions for continuing its growth and factors significantly affecting the intensity of it will be determined. Determining point of view is a location in the various hierarchical levels and time contexts. These sites are the system groups of settlements and industry around one or several nearby centers. That territory is covered by sites: Ostrava, Bohumín, Doubrava, Havířov, Karviná, Orlová, Petřvald and Rychvald. This agglomeration had to 31.3.2011 an area of 397 square kilometers and there were 496 611 inhabitants in it. The agglomeration is situated on the natural connection between northern and southern Europe, its location is strategic and is of considerable importance. Here is the Moravian Gate, whose forming creates a natural transport corridor between North and South. The Ostrava agglomeration passed in the 19th, 20th and the beginning of the21st century dramatic development. In the background of a huge expansion of heavy industry occurred in residential construction to its exponential growth. Above all, the mining of high-quality coal, production of pig iron and related engineering products became the reason of the great development of the regional settlement units and the initiator of the considerable changes in demographic trends. At first it was the construction of workers ' colonies, settlements, and later even the emergence of a new separate cities. The colonies were built in the days of early capitalism, while the establishment of new settlements and towns is closely related to the performance of the tasks of the State and communist party. After 1989, during the period of intensive conversion of industry in the area, occurred to the formation of satellites around the large settlement units, there was, and still there is a considerable effort to maintain the Socialist housing estates, in the shape of the agglomeration is carried out mass housing construction. Defined region experiences also in the present a relatively difficult period. There were built new large-scale industrial complexes, transportation connections have been improving, there was a shift in the environment. The result is still a very significant effect on employment. Part of this work is therefore performance a SWOT analysis, which on the basis of listed main factors affecting housing and their scatter evaluation sets out the conditions for continuing its growth. The comparison will be three agglomerations and the whole Czech Republic. On the basis of these data with the use of a SWOT analysis conclusions and recommendations for public and private entities operating in defined area will be formulated. Programs and tools that support housing in the Czech Republic since 1989, have gone through a great process of changes. Part of this work is a description of the housing development in the Czech Republic, analysis of individual programs and especially suggestions for their wider implementation in practice. There were used the statistical data found in the Census of the people, houses and apartments in 2011 at this work. As these data are published by the competent institutions gradually, many of them presented here have been published only recently, and some are published for the first time in this work.