Využití vodíku v energetice

Abstract

In connection with the emphasis on the sustainability, of the efficient use of resources and with the requirements to fulfill obligations for reducing the amount of greenhouse gases, renewable energy sources are coming to the fore. One of them is hydrogen, which, as an energy carrier, meets the above requirements. Its practical use is gaining importance across the main sectors of national economies, even in connection with uncertain supplies of traditional energy sources, which are natural gas and oil. The aim of the bachelor's thesis is to analyze the use of hydrogen in energy, including considerations about the necessary adjustments to the gas distribution system and ensuring an adequate amount for its production. In the introductory chapter of the analytical part, i.e. chapter 2 of the presented bachelor's thesis, fossil and renewable resources are identified and defined, which enter into the analysis solved by this bachelor's thesis. Fossil fuels are mainly natural gas, and renewable sources include photovoltaic and wind power plants, biogas and, of course, hydrogen. Battery storage is listed as a complement. At the end of the chapter, the fields of energy are defined, in which the use of hydrogen as an energy carrier is expected. Chapter No. 3 offers an overview of hydrogen production methods, its storage, distribution methods, its conversion in fuel cells to electrical energy, and finally examples of use. One way to ensure a sufficient amount of hydrogen is to import it from locations where its production is more efficient or from locations where it is produced from excess energy from renewable sources, so-called "green hydrogen". For import, it is possible to use the existing network of transport gas infrastructure, this method is described in more detail in the following chapter No. 4 of the submitted bachelor's thesis, including reflection on the necessary modifications that are a prerequisite for the problem-free movement of hydrogen between locations. The Moravian-Silesian Region plans the entire life cycle of hydrogen, these plans are processed into strategic documents, entities were founded with the aim of building a Hydrogen Valley, where hydrogen will be produced, stored, distributed and used across sectors of the regional economy. Mapping of subscribers, examples of use and consumption prediction are the subject of chapter no. 5. Chapter 6 offers an analysis in which the partial replacement of the total annual consumption of natural gas with biogas and subsequently with hydrogen is considered, while in the case of biogas the necessary amount of biomass needed for its production is identified, in the case of hydrogen the corresponding amount of hydrogen is calculated. Green hydrogen is considered, the provision of energy for its production is calculated from both photovoltaic panels and wind farms. The result is a comparison of area, or of the number of wind turbines in case of securing the necessary amount of energy from biomass/photovoltaics/wind farms.