Revitalizace kulturně-společenských center malých obcí

Abstract

Village square, a public area surrounded by close standing buildings and fences protecting animals and property, had been a natural social centre of agricultural seats since the beginning of first rural settlements formation. With development and spread of religions, places for god or gods worship became another common centres, where different rituals took place and traditions and culture were arising in the course of time. From the High Medieval Period, villages the most often had social (village square, pub), religious-cultural (church, chapel) and administrative centre (seat of the feudal lord or his regent). Many reforms and particularly the industrialization came in the 18th and 19th century, which meant not only migration of job opportunities seizing people into cities but also building of production plants and factory units in the country. Because of city and country way of life mixing and also because of compulsory education, people started to demand richer social and cultural life in villages. Many interest groups and organizations, which built new objects (clubhouses, halls, Sokol gymnasiums) for their activities, had been created since the second half of the 19th century. Radical change of the Czech countryside came after the year 1948. Mainly the cultural houses, construction program of which accorded with the position of a village in the centralized system, were built as cultural and social centers in this period of time. Political conditions became relaxed and self-government of individual municipalities reinforced after 1989. Every village has developed little bit differently since that time and each has managed new conditions its own way. Some villages prosper, invest into the infrastructure and community facilities and improve the environment of their inhabitants. Other villages deteriorate from different reasons and struggle with the decrease or vice versa uncontrollable increase of inhabitants, who stand there overnight only and commute for work and culture to cities. Aim of our work is to document above mentioned cases from the building typology and urbanism point of view and design the optimal facilities ensuring cultural and social life for different types of small villages.