Rozbor problematiky dekontaminácie banských vôd v rudnom baníctve

Abstract

Remešicová, Erika: Analysis of problems associated with the decontamination of mine water in ore mining

Presented dissertation deals with the surrounding of the wastepond Sedem Žien affected by mining activity and with possibilities of its decontamination. Analysis of soils, rocks and mine drainages were realised in the area of the wastepond and of the nearby Šobov quarry. Area is burdened particularly by heavy metals and acidification. High concentrations of Pb, Fe and Zn, which were present in mined ores are occurring in soils and waters. Selected decontamination methods were laboratory tested on AMD, which appeared to be the most problematic among analysed drainages. For the purpose of neutralization and heavy metals removal following agents were dosed to AMD: limestone, activated carbon, a mixture of dolomite with sawdust, fire grate coal from domestic combustion of biomass and three types of fly ash from the combustion of biomass (heating plant fly ash from the mechanical separator, heating plant fly ash from the bag filter, fly ash from domestic combustion). The best results in the removal of heavy metals, as well as for removal of acidity were reached with the use of the limestone, fly ash from the bag filter and with the fire grate ash. The most problematic for removal was Mn and on the contrary Fe was preferably precipitated from the drainage. The activated carbon was proved to be unsuitable agent for the decontamination of investigated AMD. Studied area was tested also in terms of fytoremediation potential of the herein grown trees (Quercus robur, Pinus sylvestris). Analyzed plants accumulated only small amounts of metals, most of which remained accumulated in the root system of the plants, apart from Mn, which was preferentially accumulated in the assimilation organs. According to the BCF calculations, all investigated plants are excluders and thus are not suitable for the bioremediation removal of metals.