Optimalizace skladby surovin pro výrobu kompostů s využitím kuchyňských odpadů.

Abstract

The Ph.D. thesis deals with the optimization of the composition of raw materials for the production of composts using kitchen waste. Composting is the biological method of using biowaste, transforming bio-waste into natural fertilizer of good quality, so-called compost, under the air, with appropriate moisture and microorganisms. Composting is one of the ways to reduce total waste production, the share of biodegradable waste in municipal waste and the consequent impact on the environment. From the household food waste (HFW), we produce the input raw material for compost and at the same time prevent the production of waste. In the research, the composters NatureMill and GreenGood were used for the composting. The electric composter handles approximately 1.2 - 2.2 kg of biowaste per day. The collection of household food waste was carried out according to the methodology of Edjabou et al. (2016) and was divided into 2 stages. In order to obtain the resulting compost, which comply with the technical quality standards and at the same time can be used as an organic fertilizer, it is necessary to optimize the initial composition of raw materials. Composts prepared from HFW were analysed immediately after finishing of the composting process and 4 weeks later. Aqueous extraction was used for measuring of electrical conductivity and determination of dissolved organic carbon (parameter representing the compost maturity). An improvement of compost quality can be reached by addition of biochar (pyrolysis product of wood) or 30% of bentonite (clay). All research results are presented in the form of tables and pictures. Worldwide waste production is steadily increasing. There is a need to find good strategies to transform household food waste into raw materials for further utilization. Waste management systems, which are based on the collection of mixed/sorted waste and subsequent transport to storage sites, have a significant negative impact on the environment and human beings.