Vliv restriktivních nástrojů individuální automobilové dopravy na udržitelný rozvoj center velkých měst

Abstract

Urban transport infrastructure development with its limited speed of often costly construction is challenged by the dynamic growth in requirements of individual car usage. Therefore, cities apply restrictive regulations with the aim of reducing the number of transiting cars used for individual transportation, in order to maintain traffic levels, which correspond to the actual condition of the transport infrastructure in combination with the practicalities of applied regulation. This doctoral thesis is focused on the assessment of the effectiveness of urban restrictive regulation, including the broadly discussed implementation of electronic toll pricing. This approach does not present, in its principle, a new instrument. However its possible introduction in the Czech Republic and the investigation of its effectiveness in the region of the capital city, Prague, gives it a new dimension. The thesis proceeds from the outcomes of representative foreign experience with the implementation of this restrictive instrument. The ability to assess the effectiveness in the conditions of the Czech Republic implies not only the knowledge of history and of current conditions, but also the results from transport modeling. Models enable us to take into consideration the gradual development of transport infrastructure, as well as variously set parameters of the toll instrument, with the subsequent different impacts on the drivers’ decision. With these tools it is possible to model the development of not only the transport situation as such but also the range of other parameters, which are included in the Quality of life” concept. Altogether twenty parameters have been assessed that have significant content capability. In order to determine the significance of each parameter on the consequent appraisal the Delphi method has been applied, which i.a. enabled the independent participation of specialists from various specializations of transport sciences. By using this method it has been set the values of weight coefficients of each single parameter on the total effectiveness of regulation by the toll system (the impact on the area within the pricing zone, but also on the area out of it). The outcome has proved as expected, i.e. the impact of urban pricing on the QoL in the city is neutral, the option for/or against is unambiguously political option, and not professional. The decision for our against urban pricing is therefore above all a political decision based on the reasoned evaluation of some parameters in comparison to the weight, which was in the submitted thesis set to the expert group.