Hodnocení dopadů sanačně - rekultivačních činností na území ovlivněná dobýváním nerostných surovin.

Abstract

The subject matter of this doctoral thesis arises from the need of improving the analysis of mining industry’s impacts on the function of landscape in the areas affected by the former mining industry and the evaluation of formed externalities in the areas affected by the exploitation of raw materials focused on valuation of positive externalities, that are still little known to the society. The ecological function belongs to the main functions of nature, utilized by the society, because nature provides the environment for origin and maintenance of life, thus life-giving function and aesthetic-scenic function. Moreover, nature fulfils the economic function, because it serves as the reservoir of economically utilized natural resources and it assimilates the waste from economic activities. This thesis deals with the analysis of methods used for evaluation and valuation of areas affected by the mining of raw materials and their modification for the needs of evaluation and valuation of areas and landscapes in the Czech Republic. The methodological approach applied in Hessen (Federal State of German) so called Hessen method, that has been part of their legislation focused on environmental protection since 1992, is the most often chosen methodology used in the Czech Republic from the point of view of valuation of ecological functions and evaluation of formed externalities. Therefore I deal in this thesis with the valuation of large and small areas, that were affected by the mining of raw materials in past, then with this methodology whose results I compare with the newly proposed methodology focused on evaluation and valuation of areas affected by the former mining industry with the main focus on the evaluation of formed negative and positive externalities. The problems of smoothing the consequences of mining and extraction in certain areas, following remediation and restoration actions important for revitalization of affected areas and the origin of positive and negative externalities are mentioned in the introduction chapter. The mining area Poruba and the area of heap Sophia that is situated in named mining area were chosen to be the model areas for the presentation of results in this thesis. The process of mine closure and consecutive processes of remediation and restoration works leading towards the restoration of nature’s functions as well as conditioning formation of positive and negative externalities that need to be financially expressed are analysed in the first chapter of this thesis. Further the methodologies leading towards the evaluation and valuation of nature and landscape are described from the available literary sources. My description was focused on so called Hessen method that became the initial stage for the development of newly proposed methodology valuating formed externalities. The sectional and mail goals of this doctoral thesis are set in its next parts with the focus on the description of the methodology leading to these goals. The evaluation and valuation’s results of nature’s functions of two chosen areas are described in the conclusion of this doctoral thesis. I evaluate given areas with the use of so called Hessen method and then the given areas are evaluated with the use of newly proposed methodology that evaluates the functional potentials of given areas and gives rise to positive and negative externalities. The doctoral thesis is concluded with the summarization of achieved results and the possibilities of further tendencies in possible continuing research and progression in this subject matter that are proposed by the autho